Graduate Progarms in Forensic Science Master of Science in Forensic Science Universities in this section have active programs leading toward a formal Master of Science in Forensic Science. Dr. Frederick P. Smith Department of Justice Sciences Graduate Program in Forensic Science University of Alabama at Birmingham University Station Birmingham, AL 35294 Phone: (205) 934-2069 e-mail: dmcdole@sbs.sbs.uab.edu Net: www.uab.edu/graduate/93-fs.html Requirement: 42 or 48 semester hours, Thesis/Non-Thesis option Internship (6-12 hours credit) under either option Graduate Assistantships and Fellowships. In-state tuition rate available to students from certain states. Specialization Areas: Trace Evidence Forensic Biology/DNA Drug Chemistry -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Dr. Walter Rowe, Acting Chairman Department of Forensic Sciences The George Washington University 2036 H Street N.W. (202) 994-7319 Washington, DC 20052 Net: www.gwu.edu/~fors/ Requirement: 30 semester hours plus Thesis (6 credit hours) and written Master's Comprehensive Examination A limited number of Graduate Research Fellowships and Teaching Assistantships are available Specialization Areas: Forensic Serology Forensic Toxicology Dr. Peter R. DeForest or Debbie Nelson John Jay College of Criminal Justice City University of New York 445 West 59th Street (718) 846-2667 New York, NY 10019 Net: www.jjay.cuny Requirement: 30 semester hours and Thesis or 33 hours and one year nidividualized research project. Assistantships and Adjunct Lecturer positions available -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Dr. Terry W. Fenger Director, Forensic Science Program School of Medicine Marshall University 1542 Spring Valley Drive (304) 696-7335 Huntington, WV 25704-9388 www.marshall.edu/admissions/programs.html Specialization Areas: DNA Technology Toxicology/Drug Analysis Internships with Department of Public Safety Participation in University research projects -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Dr. Howard Harris, Director Forensic Science Program University of New Haven 300 Orange Avenue West Haven, CT 06516 (203) 932-7000 www.newhaven.edu/UNH/Academics/Departments/forensic.html Requirement: 40 credits including either an Internship, Research Project or Thesis Teaching and Research Assistantships available Specialization Areas: Criminalistics Advanced Investigation Fire Science Professional Certificates also offered (see Part III) Related or Equivalent Programs Master of Science in Criminalistics Mr. Anthony Longhetti Department of Criminal Justice California State University - Los Angeles 5151 State University Drive Los Angeles, CA 90032 (213) 343-4610/4616 Requirement: 45 units including Thesis -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Dr. Robert E. Gaensslen University of Illinois - Chicago College of Pharmacy (312) 996-0888 833 South Wood Street FAX: (312) 996-0098 Chicago, IL 60612-7231 Net: http://icarus.uic.edu/pmanni1/ Requirement: 48 quarter hours including Thesis (12 quarter hours mimimum) and oral exam. Internship (4 quarter hours) for student without equivalent work experience. Note: This program is being reinvigorated. Active support is apparently being provided by the Illinois State Police, who have a laboratory on the campus. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Master of Forensic Sciences George Washington University (see above) Requirement: 36 semester hours and written Master's Comprehensive Examination Program designed for students interested in Forensic Science but lacking a physical or life science undergraduate background. Essentially equivalent to M.A. Degree -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Dr. Joe Davis National University 4025 Camino del Rio South (619) 563-7436 San Diego, CA 92108-4107 http://somt.nu.edu/~jdavis/Forensics/Forensicnet.html Requirement: 60 quarter units. Course format: one course/month, two nights/week 5:30-10:00 = 5 quarter units. Financial Aid: student loans, grants and graduate fellowships -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- M.S. in Chemical Toxicology George Washington University (description under M.S.F.S.) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Forensic Science Concentration in a Criminal Justice Program Master's degrees in Criminal Justice are offered at many institutions but most have limited emphasis on forensic science. Those below offer the option to focus on forensic science rather than more traditional criminal justice courses. Dr. Samendra Basu Department of Criminal Justice Albany State College 504 College Drive Albany, GA 31705 (912) 430-4864 Information on this program has been requested but not received. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Dr. Jay Siegel Department of Criminal Justice 560 Baker Hall (517) 353-5283 Michigan State University e-Mail: siegelj@pilot.msu.edu East Lansing, MI 48824-1118 Net: www.ssc.msu.edu/~FORENSIC/ Requirement: 52 credits with either Thesis or Policy Paper option Information on the program is available on the MSU Forensic Program home page. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Dr. Jay S. Albanese, Chair Department of Criminal Justice (804) 828-1050 Virginia Commonwealth University FAX: (808) 828-1253 816 West Franklin Ave. e-Mail: jsalbane@saturn.vc.edu Richmond, VA 23284 Net: www.has.vcu.edu/crj Requirement: 36 or 39 semester hours depending on program Program offered in conjunction with the Virginia Division of Forensic Science with some courses at the VDFS Richmond Laboratory. Specialization Areas: Drug Analysis Serology Trace Evidence Master of Public Health Concentration in Forensic Science Dr. George F. Sensabaugh Department of Biomedical & Environmental Health Sciences School of Public Health Earl Warren Hall University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, CA 94720 (415) 642-1605 Requirement: 24 semester units including research project with a written report and oral presentation. Graduate Fellowships, Nonresident tuition scholarships, Minority Program Fellowships, and other support available. Note: Current status of program unknown. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Master of Science in Forensic Chemistry Dr. Andrew J. Glaid or Dr. Charles L. Winek Department of Chemistry Duquesne University Pittsburg, PA 15282 Requirement: 32 credits including seminar. Conduct of a research project is optional. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Master of Arts in Forensic Psychology John Jay College of CUNY (see under M.S.F.S) Requirement: 36 credits plus externship (400 hours) or Thesis Doctoral Programs As far as can be determined, no formal programs leading directly to a doctoral degree in Forensic Science are currently active in the United States. The first two institutions below offer invidualized PhD programs which can be structured to produce such degrees. (see notes). Several additional universities, as indicated, offer programs at this level with specialties relating to the forensic field. Dean of the Graduate School Union Institute 440 E. McMillan Street Cincinnati, OH 45206-1947 (800) 486-3116 Note: Off campus study program. Recognition for credit toward degree requirements given for prior experience. Minimum enrollment in program prior to granting of degree is 24 months. A relatively new program. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- University of California, Berkeley Doctor of Public Health (research in a forensic area) PhD in Comparative Biochemistry, Genetics, Immunology or Environmental Health (with forensic emphasis in research) Note: an ad hoc degree in Forensic Science may be available through petition, however, the current status of the program is unknown. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- University of Alabama at Birmingham Graduate Training Program in Forensic Science Note: Doctoral level training program with degree granted in either Department of Biology, Chemistry, Molecular Cell Biology/Microbiology or Pharmacology and Toxicology -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- John Jay College PhD in Criminal Justice with Forensic Science Concentration -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- University of Illinois at Chicago PhD in Toxicology See also: Universite de Lausanne (Switzerland) University of Strathclyde (U.K.) Istanbul University (Turkey) As indicated previously, Chemistry Departments in a number of institutions offer opportunity for thesis research related to forensic chemistry. Universities with recent Chemistry thesis topics directly related to forensic science include: Department of Chemistry University of Alabama Box 870336 Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336 Contact: Dr. Wolfgang Bertsch -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Department of Chemistry Kansas State University Manhattan, Kansas 66506 Contact: Dr. C.E. Meloan -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia P.O. Box 3425 Edgemont Road Charlottesville, VA 22903 Contact: Dr. Ralph O. Allen (804) 924-3622 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Master of Science in Chemistry - Forensic Related Research Department of Chemistry George Washington University (see above) Graduate Programs Outside the United States Australia Flinders University of South Australia GPO Box 2100 +61 8 8201 2768 Adelaide South Australia FAX: +61 8 8201 3177 Contact: Ms Maria Stavrinakis e-Mail: maria.stavrinakis@flinders.edu.au http://adminwww.flinders.edu/intloff/home.html Masters and PhD Programs with research required are offered Additional information is expected -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Griffith University Net: www.gu.ed.au Master of Forensic Science offered, 2 year program Additional information requested -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- India Master of Science in Forensic Science Department of Forensic Science University of Madras Tamil Nadu Note: the Tamil Nadu Forensic Science Laboratory is affiliated to the University for post- graduate teaching and research Department of Forensic Science Punjabi University Patiala 147002 Contact: Dr. Rakesh Sharma Department of Forensic Science University of Sagar Sagar (M.P.) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- New Zealand Master of Science University of Auckland Contact: Dr. D.A. Elliot e-Mail: douglas.elliot@esr.cri.nz Co-ordinator Forensic Science ESR Mt Albert Science Centre Hampstead Road Mt Albert Private Bag 92-021 Auckland, New Zealand Program is run jointly by the University and ESR:Forensic, the suppliers of forensic services to the New Zealand Police. The full Master's program is normally two years (4 semesters). The first year covers a range of forensic topics including legal aspects of serving as an expert witness. Special emphasis is placed on statistical and other aspects of interpretation of science in the courtroom. This first year program can lead to a Post graduate Diploma if desired. For the Master's degree, the second year is devoted to research and a thesis. A Certificate of Proficiency is also offered. (see Part III) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Philippines Philippine College of Criminology Manilla Master of Science in Criminology Program requires minimum 20 units of formal graduate courses, 10 units of thesis and oral examination. No graduate credit for courses with grade below 85%. Residency - two semesters minimum. A Fingerprint Science (Personal Identification) course is part of the curriculum but information on forensic courses offered is unavailable. Certificate programs in firearms and questioned documents are offered, so courses in these must be available. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Switzerland Institute de Police Scientifique et Criminologie Universite de Lausanne Place du Chateau 3 CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland e-Mail: uniscope@unil.ch Contact: Professor Pierre Margot Net: www.unil.ch Postgraduate Degree in Chemical Criminalistics Student must hold a bachelor's degree in science or forensic science or qualifications judged equivalent. Instruction is in the French language so proficiency in this language is required. Postgraduate Degree in Questioned Document Analysis Admission requirements same as above PhD in Forensic Science Student must hold a bachelor's degree in forensic science from the Institute or a degree judged equivalent. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Turkey Institute of Forensic Sciences Istanbul University Adli Tip Enstits, 34303 Cerrahpasa Istanbul, Turkey Contact: Dr. Sevil Atasoy e-Mail: atasoy@turk.net M.A., M.S. and PhD level programs in forensic science offered For detailed information on the requirements of the program see: Atasoy, S. et al "Postgraduate Forensic Science Education in Turkey" Journal of Forensic Sciences 1996, 41(2) 206-208 March United Kingdom King's College London Strand London WC2R 2LS Contact: Dr. J.R. Dawson or Dr. N. Spencer Department of Biochemistry The M.S. in Forensic Science involves three course units, each unit including 48 hours of lectures and 96 hours of practical work. In addition, the student undertakes a practical project of 6-8 weeks during the summer. An undergraduate background in Chemistry and Biochemistry and command of the English language is required for admission to the program. Forensic Science Unit University of Strathclyde Glascow, Scotland G1 1XW Contact: Dr. Brian Caddy Specialization areas for the Masters program are Forensic Chemistry or Biology. The program is approximately 20 weeks of full time work. There are no formal credits per se but students take courses and, when not in class, spend their time in the laboratory. A research project of about 4 months is conducted in a working forensic laboratory. Requirements include a videotaped moot court, two three hour theory papers, a week-long practical examination, a report on the research and an oral examination. Partial Financial Assistance as loans and grants is available for U.K. students. A PhD program involving a minimum of 33 months of full-time research is available. This program may require three or more years for completion. A Diploma Program is also offered. (see Part III)

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Graduate Progarms in Forensic Science

Posted by Buffy on: Sunday 25 November 2001

Master of Science in Forensic Science Universities in this section have active programs leading toward a formal Master of Science in Forensic Science. Dr. Frederick P. Smith Department of Justice Sciences Graduate Program in Forensic Science University of Alabama at Birmingham University Station Birmingham, AL 35294 Phone: (205) 934-2069 e-mail: dmcdole@sbs.sbs.uab.edu Net: www.uab.edu/graduate/93-fs.html Requirement: 42 or 48 semester hours, Thesis/Non-Thesis option Internship (6-12 hours credit) under either option Graduate Assistantships and Fellowships. In-state tuition rate available to students from certain states. Specialization Areas: Trace Evidence Forensic Biology/DNA Drug Chemistry -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Dr. Walter Rowe, Acting Chairman Department of Forensic Sciences The George Washington University 2036 H Street N.W. (202) 994-7319 Washington, DC 20052 Net: www.gwu.edu/~fors/ Requirement: 30 semester hours plus Thesis (6 credit hours) and written Master's Comprehensive Examination A limited number of Graduate Research Fellowships and Teaching Assistantships are available Specialization Areas: Forensic Serology Forensic Toxicology Dr. Peter R. DeForest or Debbie Nelson John Jay College of Criminal Justice City University of New York 445 West 59th Street (718) 846-2667 New York, NY 10019 Net: www.jjay.cuny Requirement: 30 semester hours and Thesis or 33 hours and one year nidividualized research project. Assistantships and Adjunct Lecturer positions available -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Dr. Terry W. Fenger Director, Forensic Science Program School of Medicine Marshall University 1542 Spring Valley Drive (304) 696-7335 Huntington, WV 25704-9388 www.marshall.edu/admissions/programs.html Specialization Areas: DNA Technology Toxicology/Drug Analysis Internships with Department of Public Safety Participation in University research projects -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Dr. Howard Harris, Director Forensic Science Program University of New Haven 300 Orange Avenue West Haven, CT 06516 (203) 932-7000 www.newhaven.edu/UNH/Academics/Departments/forensic.html Requirement: 40 credits including either an Internship, Research Project or Thesis Teaching and Research Assistantships available Specialization Areas: Criminalistics Advanced Investigation Fire Science Professional Certificates also offered (see Part III) Related or Equivalent Programs Master of Science in Criminalistics Mr. Anthony Longhetti Department of Criminal Justice California State University - Los Angeles 5151 State University Drive Los Angeles, CA 90032 (213) 343-4610/4616 Requirement: 45 units including Thesis -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Dr. Robert E. Gaensslen University of Illinois - Chicago College of Pharmacy (312) 996-0888 833 South Wood Street FAX: (312) 996-0098 Chicago, IL 60612-7231 Net: http://icarus.uic.edu/pmanni1/ Requirement: 48 quarter hours including Thesis (12 quarter hours mimimum) and oral exam. Internship (4 quarter hours) for student without equivalent work experience. Note: This program is being reinvigorated. Active support is apparently being provided by the Illinois State Police, who have a laboratory on the campus. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Master of Forensic Sciences George Washington University (see above) Requirement: 36 semester hours and written Master's Comprehensive Examination Program designed for students interested in Forensic Science but lacking a physical or life science undergraduate background. Essentially equivalent to M.A. Degree -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Dr. Joe Davis National University 4025 Camino del Rio South (619) 563-7436 San Diego, CA 92108-4107 http://somt.nu.edu/~jdavis/Forensics/Forensicnet.html Requirement: 60 quarter units. Course format: one course/month, two nights/week 5:30-10:00 = 5 quarter units. Financial Aid: student loans, grants and graduate fellowships -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- M.S. in Chemical Toxicology George Washington University (description under M.S.F.S.) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Forensic Science Concentration in a Criminal Justice Program Master's degrees in Criminal Justice are offered at many institutions but most have limited emphasis on forensic science. Those below offer the option to focus on forensic science rather than more traditional criminal justice courses. Dr. Samendra Basu Department of Criminal Justice Albany State College 504 College Drive Albany, GA 31705 (912) 430-4864 Information on this program has been requested but not received. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Dr. Jay Siegel Department of Criminal Justice 560 Baker Hall (517) 353-5283 Michigan State University e-Mail: siegelj@pilot.msu.edu East Lansing, MI 48824-1118 Net: www.ssc.msu.edu/~FORENSIC/ Requirement: 52 credits with either Thesis or Policy Paper option Information on the program is available on the MSU Forensic Program home page. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Dr. Jay S. Albanese, Chair Department of Criminal Justice (804) 828-1050 Virginia Commonwealth University FAX: (808) 828-1253 816 West Franklin Ave. e-Mail: jsalbane@saturn.vc.edu Richmond, VA 23284 Net: www.has.vcu.edu/crj Requirement: 36 or 39 semester hours depending on program Program offered in conjunction with the Virginia Division of Forensic Science with some courses at the VDFS Richmond Laboratory. Specialization Areas: Drug Analysis Serology Trace Evidence Master of Public Health Concentration in Forensic Science Dr. George F. Sensabaugh Department of Biomedical & Environmental Health Sciences School of Public Health Earl Warren Hall University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, CA 94720 (415) 642-1605 Requirement: 24 semester units including research project with a written report and oral presentation. Graduate Fellowships, Nonresident tuition scholarships, Minority Program Fellowships, and other support available. Note: Current status of program unknown. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Master of Science in Forensic Chemistry Dr. Andrew J. Glaid or Dr. Charles L. Winek Department of Chemistry Duquesne University Pittsburg, PA 15282 Requirement: 32 credits including seminar. Conduct of a research project is optional. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Master of Arts in Forensic Psychology John Jay College of CUNY (see under M.S.F.S) Requirement: 36 credits plus externship (400 hours) or Thesis Doctoral Programs As far as can be determined, no formal programs leading directly to a doctoral degree in Forensic Science are currently active in the United States. The first two institutions below offer invidualized PhD programs which can be structured to produce such degrees. (see notes). Several additional universities, as indicated, offer programs at this level with specialties relating to the forensic field. Dean of the Graduate School Union Institute 440 E. McMillan Street Cincinnati, OH 45206-1947 (800) 486-3116 Note: Off campus study program. Recognition for credit toward degree requirements given for prior experience. Minimum enrollment in program prior to granting of degree is 24 months. A relatively new program. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- University of California, Berkeley Doctor of Public Health (research in a forensic area) PhD in Comparative Biochemistry, Genetics, Immunology or Environmental Health (with forensic emphasis in research) Note: an ad hoc degree in Forensic Science may be available through petition, however, the current status of the program is unknown. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- University of Alabama at Birmingham Graduate Training Program in Forensic Science Note: Doctoral level training program with degree granted in either Department of Biology, Chemistry, Molecular Cell Biology/Microbiology or Pharmacology and Toxicology -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- John Jay College PhD in Criminal Justice with Forensic Science Concentration -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- University of Illinois at Chicago PhD in Toxicology See also: Universite de Lausanne (Switzerland) University of Strathclyde (U.K.) Istanbul University (Turkey) As indicated previously, Chemistry Departments in a number of institutions offer opportunity for thesis research related to forensic chemistry. Universities with recent Chemistry thesis topics directly related to forensic science include: Department of Chemistry University of Alabama Box 870336 Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336 Contact: Dr. Wolfgang Bertsch -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Department of Chemistry Kansas State University Manhattan, Kansas 66506 Contact: Dr. C.E. Meloan -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia P.O. Box 3425 Edgemont Road Charlottesville, VA 22903 Contact: Dr. Ralph O. Allen (804) 924-3622 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Master of Science in Chemistry - Forensic Related Research Department of Chemistry George Washington University (see above) Graduate Programs Outside the United States Australia Flinders University of South Australia GPO Box 2100 +61 8 8201 2768 Adelaide South Australia FAX: +61 8 8201 3177 Contact: Ms Maria Stavrinakis e-Mail: maria.stavrinakis@flinders.edu.au http://adminwww.flinders.edu/intloff/home.html Masters and PhD Programs with research required are offered Additional information is expected -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Griffith University Net: www.gu.ed.au Master of Forensic Science offered, 2 year program Additional information requested -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- India Master of Science in Forensic Science Department of Forensic Science University of Madras Tamil Nadu Note: the Tamil Nadu Forensic Science Laboratory is affiliated to the University for post- graduate teaching and research Department of Forensic Science Punjabi University Patiala 147002 Contact: Dr. Rakesh Sharma Department of Forensic Science University of Sagar Sagar (M.P.) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- New Zealand Master of Science University of Auckland Contact: Dr. D.A. Elliot e-Mail: douglas.elliot@esr.cri.nz Co-ordinator Forensic Science ESR Mt Albert Science Centre Hampstead Road Mt Albert Private Bag 92-021 Auckland, New Zealand Program is run jointly by the University and ESR:Forensic, the suppliers of forensic services to the New Zealand Police. The full Master's program is normally two years (4 semesters). The first year covers a range of forensic topics including legal aspects of serving as an expert witness. Special emphasis is placed on statistical and other aspects of interpretation of science in the courtroom. This first year program can lead to a Post graduate Diploma if desired. For the Master's degree, the second year is devoted to research and a thesis. A Certificate of Proficiency is also offered. (see Part III) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Philippines Philippine College of Criminology Manilla Master of Science in Criminology Program requires minimum 20 units of formal graduate courses, 10 units of thesis and oral examination. No graduate credit for courses with grade below 85%. Residency - two semesters minimum. A Fingerprint Science (Personal Identification) course is part of the curriculum but information on forensic courses offered is unavailable. Certificate programs in firearms and questioned documents are offered, so courses in these must be available. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Switzerland Institute de Police Scientifique et Criminologie Universite de Lausanne Place du Chateau 3 CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland e-Mail: uniscope@unil.ch Contact: Professor Pierre Margot Net: www.unil.ch Postgraduate Degree in Chemical Criminalistics Student must hold a bachelor's degree in science or forensic science or qualifications judged equivalent. Instruction is in the French language so proficiency in this language is required. Postgraduate Degree in Questioned Document Analysis Admission requirements same as above PhD in Forensic Science Student must hold a bachelor's degree in forensic science from the Institute or a degree judged equivalent. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Turkey Institute of Forensic Sciences Istanbul University Adli Tip Enstits, 34303 Cerrahpasa Istanbul, Turkey Contact: Dr. Sevil Atasoy e-Mail: atasoy@turk.net M.A., M.S. and PhD level programs in forensic science offered For detailed information on the requirements of the program see: Atasoy, S. et al "Postgraduate Forensic Science Education in Turkey" Journal of Forensic Sciences 1996, 41(2) 206-208 March United Kingdom King's College London Strand London WC2R 2LS Contact: Dr. J.R. Dawson or Dr. N. Spencer Department of Biochemistry The M.S. in Forensic Science involves three course units, each unit including 48 hours of lectures and 96 hours of practical work. In addition, the student undertakes a practical project of 6-8 weeks during the summer. An undergraduate background in Chemistry and Biochemistry and command of the English language is required for admission to the program. Forensic Science Unit University of Strathclyde Glascow, Scotland G1 1XW Contact: Dr. Brian Caddy Specialization areas for the Masters program are Forensic Chemistry or Biology. The program is approximately 20 weeks of full time work. There are no formal credits per se but students take courses and, when not in class, spend their time in the laboratory. A research project of about 4 months is conducted in a working forensic laboratory. Requirements include a videotaped moot court, two three hour theory papers, a week-long practical examination, a report on the research and an oral examination. Partial Financial Assistance as loans and grants is available for U.K. students. A PhD program involving a minimum of 33 months of full-time research is available. This program may require three or more years for completion. A Diploma Program is also offered. (see Part III)